epidemiology of dengue fever ppt

Chromatograms were edited and assembled using BioEdit 7.2.5 software. Tsai WY, Durbin A, Tsai JJ, Hsieh SC, Whitehead S, Wang WK. It is now widely acknowledged that at the beginning of this century Claude von Pirquet first pointed out that a viral disease, i. e. , measles, resulted in an anergy or depression of preexisting immune response, namely, delayed continuous ... He died on day 3 hospitalization with DSS. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by infection with one of four dengue viruses (DENV) transmitted by Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes during the taking of a blood meal [ 1-3 ]. Clinicians should consider following diagnostic algorithms that include DENV confirmatory testing and policymakers should prioritize development of laboratory capacity for diagnosis of DENV and other common pathogens. Approximately half of the world's population is at risk, especially people residing in tropical and subtropical climates such as in Bangladesh. Furthermore, mutations may confound diagnosis. Overall rates in our population may differ from previous reports due to inclusion of multiple sites, different settings, diverse age groups, and evolving epidemiology. Furthermore, management of cases was determined by the site clinicians; it was not standardized nor was it assessed in detail. Found inside – Page 1414Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Epidemiology of an increasing problem. ... Stability of plasma human immunodeficiency virus load in VACUTAINER PPT plasma ... Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 15.1 (StataCorp LLC). Seventy-one cases were primary and 397 were secondary infection. Typhoid fever symptoms are poor appetite, headaches, generalized aches and pains, fever, and lethargy. Dengue Control Program. Viruses. 2018;68(11):854–860. Although the incidence of dengue increased 20-fold from the year 2000 to 2012 and a further 3-fold from 2012 to 2019, this increase is not reflected in a similar increase in the age-stratified seropositivity rates for dengue, with the annual seroconversion rates being 0.76% in 2013 and 0.91% . Severe headache. The severe cases were more common in secondary than primary infection. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Positive DENV IgG in acute specimens was considered evidence of DENV exposure prior to enrollment. This helps you give your presentation on Dengue Fever in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations.. flaviviruses (e.g., dengue and yellow fever viruses) Neutralizing antibody testing may discriminate between cross-reacting antibodies in primary flavivirus infections Found insideWith a growing awareness of the devastating effects of this viral disease and an influx of topical research, this book provides the information the global community of researchers, clinicians and students need to better inform their ... Discordant diagnoses were defined as those who were diagnosed with dengue at a site but did not have reference laboratory confirmed dengue, or those who did have reference laboratory confirmed dengue but were not diagnosed with dengue at a site. TRANSMISSION. Etiology: Science and study of the causes of disease and their mode of operation 8600 Rockville Pike Bookshelf The AFIRE study received ethical approval from the IRBs of Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia/ Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (451/PT02.FK/ETIK/2012), Dr. Soetomo Hospital (192/Panke.KKE/VIII/2012), and the National Institute of Health and Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Indonesia (KE.01.05/EC/407/2012). Based on growing evidence in vivo and in vitro, the tissue-damaging DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is responsible for most of the pathophysiological features of severe dengue. Demography, clinical manifestations, hematology, and biochemistry profiles grouped by identified pathogen are shown in Table 2. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007785.t002. The difference in rates of severe cases between secondary and primary infections was summarized with a point estimate, and the p-value was calculated using a chi-squared test. In most non-dengue cases, clinicians diagnosed dengue despite negative dengue rapid tests and/or non-specific clinical presentations. e0007785. Over-diagnosis of dengue is consistent with prior reports, which showed even higher rates of over-diagnosis during dengue outbreaks [32, 33]. Dengue virus is transmitted by day biting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Yes Shift in genotype predominance has been associated with alterations in immunity against infecting virus and mosquito transmission patterns [51]. Notifiable disease. Endemic in more than 120 countries, particularly the Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions, the Caribbean, Latin Am. Philippines declares national alert after 456 die from dengue fever. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases is the top Open Access tropical medicine journal, featuring an International Editorial Board and increased support for developing country authors. There was no change for the circulating DENV-2 and DENV-3 genotypes. This study identified DENV-1 with TS119(C→T) substitution in the serotyping primer annealing site, leading to failure of serotype determination. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Changing epidemiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Thailand - Volume 122 Issue 1. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America. Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major cause of acute febrile illness in Indonesia. Live attenuated tetravalent dengue virus host range vaccine is immunogenic in African green monkeys following a single vaccination. cohorts, the age range was 1 to 89 years, with the most affected age group from 30 to 39 years of age. Diagnostic inaccuracy may occur due to its varied and non-specific presentation. The global epidemiology of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) is changing fast . The book discusses the role the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should take in informing the public, health professionals, and those in the building industry about potential risks and what can be done to address them. High dengue prevalence amongst febrile hospitalized patients, its impact on productive populations and identification of patients with dual dengue infection suggesting that dengue serotypes may circulate simultaneously underscore the need for effective public health approaches to controlling disease. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Affiliations Monitoring And Treatment Of Dengue In Clinic Dengue fever is a systemic and dynamic disease, the clinical presentation depending on the different phases of the disease. A total of 113 localities were examined and categorized into different temporal risk indices. Clinicians should consider following diagnostic algorithms that include DENV confirmatory testing. The earliest cases were detected as early as 2005. Amongst the seven study cities, the highest proportion of DENV cases was diagnosed at Denpasar (52%) and followed by Makassar (34%). A. aegypti. Two patients were infected with two different serotypes (Table 1). Accessibility He enjoys international travel, hiking and camping and scuba diving. In total, dengue was considered in the differential diagnosis in 10 of the 54 missed cases. Dengue fever is a common viral infection in tropical and subtropical regions that is carried and spread by mosquitoes. Incorrectly attributing another condition to dengue, which is managed supportively, can result in non-administration of necessary medication and hence worse outcomes. The severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause serious bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death. TRANSMISSION. Writing – review & editing, Affiliation We herein report DENV-1 virus with TS13(A→G), TS113(G→A), TS116(C→T), and TS119(C→T) substitutions in the annealing site of the TS1 primer (nucleotide 568–586). Yes Subjects with acute and convalescent (at least two-weeks apart) plasma were first screened for dengue infections using DENV IgM and IgG by ELISA, followed by DENV NS1 and RT-PCR. The strength of tree topology was estimated by bootstrap analysis using 1000 replicates. On the other hand, 10% of reference laboratory determined non-dengue cases were diagnosed as dengue by study sites. These pain relievers can increase the risk of dengue fever bleeding complications. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by infection with one of four dengue viruses (DENV) transmitted by Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes during the taking of a blood meal [ 1-3 ]. Do not take aspirin and other NSAIDS until dengue fever can be ruled out Supportive treatment for complications Zika in the U.S. (as of April 20, 2016) Note: Zika virus disease and Zika virus congenital infection are nationally notifiable conditions. Supervision, Microbiol. It occurs in two forms: Classical Dengue fever also known as "break bone" fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is life threatening. The study was not designed as a dengue evaluation and included only febrile hospitalized patients. Diagnostic accuracy at clinical sites merits optimization. Clinicians often requested only the NS1 antigen or the IgM/IgG rapid tests. Background 2. The most severe consequences of dengue virus infection include shock, haemorrhage, and major organ failure; however, the frequency of these manifestations varies, and the relative contribution of pre-existing anti-dengue virus antibodies, virus characteristics, and host factors (including age and comorbidities) are not well understood. A phenomenon that controls the kinetics of DENV infection, antibody-dependent enhancement, best explains the correlation of the vascular permeability syndrome with second heterotypic DENV infections and infection in the presence of passively acquired antibodies. He presented to the hospital with 6 days of fever, vomiting, ecchymosis, hemoconcentration (44%), leukopenia (3,800/mm3), and thrombocytopenia (34,000/mm3). Dengue infection has been known to be endemic in India for over two centuries as a benign and self limited disease. Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Ae. Chungue E, Deubel V, Cassar O, Laille M, Martin P: Molecular epidemiology of dengue 3 viruses and genetic relatedness among dengue 3 strains isolated from patients with mild or severe form of dengue fever in French Polynesia. Difficulty in interpreting these results without accurate information about onset of illness may have contributed to the missed diagnoses. These data are important for vaccine programs as the immunity from previous dengue infection can increase the risk of severe infection. This review considers the contribution of hemophagocytic histiocytosis syndrome to cases of severe dengue, the role of movement of humans in dengue epidemiology, and modeling and planning control programs and describes a country-wide survey for dengue infections in Bangladesh and efforts to learn what controls the clinical outcome of dengue infections. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007785.g005. Identifying causes of disease and the mechanisms by which they spread remains a primary focus of epidemiology. ~21,000 annual dengue deaths. This publication is a comprehensive assessment of leading risks to global health. It provides detailed global and regional estimates of premature mortality, disability and loss of health attributable to 24 global risk factors. The contrast in rates of clinically DF patients between missed cases (those with reference laboratory confirmed dengue who were not initially diagnosed with dengue at a site) and correctly diagnosed cases (those with reference laboratory confirmed dengue who were correctly diagnosed with dengue at a site) was summarized with an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from Fisher’s exact test. They may be asymptomatic or may give rise to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome. DENV-2 specimens tended to cluster in genotype Cosmopolitan. 27, 319-330 (2004). We observed DENV-1 with TS119(C→T) substitution in the serotyping primer annealing site that caused failure of routine detection. A. albopictus Galula JU, Shen WF, Chuang ST, Chang GJ, Chao DY. The amplicon size for determination of serotypes are 482 bp, 119 bp, 290 bp, and 392 bp for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 [8], respectively.
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